Variables | Cases | Control | Crude OR | Adjusted OR |
---|---|---|---|---|
Educational status | ||||
 No education | 69 (33.70) | 42 (20.50) | 2.52 (1.38–4.58) | 2.78 (0.54–14.41) |
 Primary | 71 (34.60) | 66 (32.20) | 1.65 (0.93–2.91) | 1.33 (0.36–4.94) |
 Secondary | 35 (17.10) | 51 (24.90) | 1.05 (0.56–1.97) | 0.72 (0.18–2.80) |
 Tertiary | 30 (14.60) | 46 (22.40) | 1 | 1 |
Place of residence | ||||
 Rural | 122 (59.50) | 73 (35.60) | 2.66 (1.78–3.96) | 0.66 (0.24–1.85) |
 Urban | 83 (40.50) | 132 (64.40) | 1 | 1 |
Comorbidity | ||||
 Yes | 138 (67.30) | 116 (56.60) | 1.58 (1.06–2.36) | • 2.56 (1.10–5.96) * |
 No | 67 (32.70) | 89 (43.40) | 1 | 1 |
Self-monitoring Blood Glucose | ||||
 No | 164 (80.00) | 144 (70.20) | 1.69 (1.07–2.67) | 3.44 (1.33–8.94)* |
 Yes | 41 (20.00) | 61 (29.80) | 1 | 1 |
Total cholesterol | ||||
 ≥ 200 mg/dL | 32 (41.60) | 15 (18.80) | 3.08 (1.50–6.34) | 3.62 (1.46–8.97) * |
 < 200 mg/dL | 45 (58.40) | 65 (81.30) | 1 | 1 |
Adherence to antidiabetic medication | ||||
 No | 56 (27.30) | 33 (16.10) | 1.96 (1.21–3.17) | 0.67 (0.26–1.69) |
 Yes | 149 (72.70) | 172 (83.90) | 1 | 1 |
Duration of diabetes | ||||
 > 7 years | 107 (52.20) | 64 (31.20) | 2.40 (1.61–3.60) | 3.08 (1.33–7.16) * |
 ≤ 7 years | 98 (47.80) | 141 (68.80) | 1 | 1 |
Physical activity | ||||
 0-3 days (inadequate) | 161 (78.50) | 113 (55.10) | 2.98 (1.93–4.60) | 4.79 (1.70–13.53) * |
 > 3 days(adequate) | 44 (21.50) | 92 (44.90) | 1 | 1 |
Polypharmacy | ||||
 Yes | 49 (23.90) | 21 (10.20) | 2.75 (1.58–4.79) | 1.41 (0.37–5.41) |
 No | 156 (76.10) | 184 (89.80) | 1 | 1 |
Marital status | ||||
 Single/divorced/widowed | 54 (26.30) | 32 (15.60) | 1.93 (1.19–3.15) | 1.80 (0.68–4.72) |
 Married | 151 (73.70) | 173 (84.40) | 1 | 1 |
Waist to hip ratio | ||||
 M: ≥0.9, F: ≥0.85 | 185 (90.20) | 141 (68.80) | 4.20 (2.43–7.26) | 3.52 (1.23–10.11) * |
 M:< 0.9, F:< 0.85 | 20 (9.80) | 64 (31.20) | 1 | 1 |
Types of antidiabetes medication | ||||
 Glibenclimide alone | 4 (2.00) | 3 (1.50) | 2.80 (0.59–13.36) | 3.57 (0.18–68.66) |
 Metformin+Glibenclimide | 74 (36.10) | 49 (23.90) | 3.18 (1.80–5.62) | 9.22 (2.90–29.35) * |
 Insulin alone | 65 (31.70) | 64 (31.20) | 2.14 (1.22–3.74) | 4.48 (1.52–13.16) * |
 Metformin + Insulin | 33 (16.10) | 28 (13.70) | 2.48 (1.27–4.84) | 3.73 (0.87–16.05) |
 Metformin alone | 29 (14.10) | 61 (29.80) | 1 | 1 |