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Table 5 Multivariate Cox Regression of All-Cause Mortality

From: Glycemic and lipid variability for predicting complications and mortality in diabetes mellitus using machine learning

Predictor

Hazard Ratio (HR)

95% Confidence Interval (CI)

P-Value

Age

1.04

[1.03, 1.04]

< 0.0001

Male

1.18

[1.11, 1.27]

< 0.0001

Diabetes Duration

0.956

[0.943, 0.970]

< 0.0001

HbA1c

 Mean

1.09

[1.04, 1.15]

< 0.001

 Standard Deviation

1.10

[0.825, 1.47]

0.511

 Coefficient of Variation

0.998

[0.973, 1.02]

0.869

Total Cholesterol (TC)

 Mean

1.14

[0.994, 1.30]

0.061

 Standard Deviation

0.787

[0.501, 1.24]

0.299

 Coefficient of Variation

1.02

[1.00, 1.05]

0.050

High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C)

 Mean

0.603

[0.513, 0.708]

< 0.0001

 Standard Deviation

2.19

[1.52, 3.14]

< 0.0001

Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol

 Mean

0.916

[0.811, 1.03]

0.157

 Standard Deviation

1.19

[0.866, 1.64]

0.281

 Coefficient of Variation

0.992

[0.983, 1.00]

0.062

Triglyceride (TG)

 Baseline

0.996

[0.979, 1.01]

0.694

 Mean

1.06

[0.993, 1.14]

0.080

 Standard Deviation

0.932

[0.851, 1.02]

0.126

 Coefficient of Variation

0.998

[0.995, 1.00]

0.190

Other Tests

 Baseline Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio

1.01

[1.01, 1.02]

< 0.001

 Baseline Hemoglobin Count

0.911

[0.889, 0.934]

< 0.0001

 Baseline Anemia

1.08

[0.981, 1.19]

0.119

 Hypoglycemia Frequency

1.03

[1.01, 1.05]

0.002

Anti-Diabetic Agent

 Sulphonylurea

1.08

[1.02, 1.16]

0.015

 Biguanide

0.616

[0.575, 0.660]

< 0.0001

 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitor

0.706

[0.424, 1.18]

0.181

 Thiazolidinedione

0.885

[0.761, 1.03]

0.110