| First auther/ year | Type of study | country | GDM/ control | age (year) GDM/ control | BMI (kg/m2) GDM/ control | Diagnostic criteria | sample type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | White SL 2017 | cohort | UK | 198/ 448 | 31.5 ± 4.6 30.5 ± 5.6 | 36.1 (33.0–39.4) 34.7 (32.6–38.5) | IADPSG | plasma, serum or whole blood FFAs |
2 | Chen XH 2019 | cohort | USA | 81/ 1287 | 26.01 ± 6.05 21.90 ± 5.03 | 30.08 ± 6.42 25.37 ± 6.21 | Carpenter/Coustan | plasma FFAs |
3 | Chen XH 2010 | nested case-control | USA | 49/ 98 | 25.63 ± 0.81 21.29 ± 0.54 | 30.76 ± 0.93 25.40 ± 0.56 | Carpenter/Coustan | serum FFAs |
4 | Li XP 2020 | nested case-control | China | 305/ 305 | 30.6 ± 4.4 30.1 ± 4.1 | 22.4 ± 3.2 20.5 ± 2.6 | IADPSG | plasma FFAs |
5 | Enquobahrie DA 2015 | nested case-control | USA | 178/ 180 | 34.0 ± 4.8 33.1 ± 4.3 | 26.7 ± 7.2 23.4 ± 5.3 | Carpenter/Coustan | Serum FFAs |
6 | Lehmann R 2015 | case-control | Germany | 9/ 15 | 32 ± 1 30 ± 1 | 29.8 ± 2.5 25.6 ± 0.8 | IADPSG | plasma FFAs |
7 | Burlina S 2016 | case-control | Italy | 21/ 21 | 33.9 ± 3.9 33.2 ± 4.6 | 24.6 ± 6.2 22.8 ± 4.0 | Carpenter/Coustan | Plasma phospholipid fatty acids |
8 | Wijendran V 1999 | case-control | Hartford, CT | 15/ 15 | 32.13 ± 3.253 29.33 ± 3.99 | 25.95 ± 5.89 23.30 ± 2.98 | O’Sullivan and Mahan | plasma phospholipid fatty acids |
9 | Zhu YY 2019 | nested case-control | California | 107/ 214 | 30.5 ± 5.7 30.4 ± 5.4 | – | Carpenter/Coustan | plasma phospholipid fatty acids |
10 | Min YJ 2006 | case-control | Korea | 12/ 12 | 31.5 ± 4.4 28.3 ± 2.8 | 21.4 ± 2.6 21.0 ± 1.7 | National Diabetes Data Group Criteria | plasma phospholipid fatty acids |
11 | Kumatani S 2019 | cohort | Japan | 17/ 188 | – | – | – | plasma FFAs |
12 | Johansen NJ 2018 | – | Denmark | 9/ 6 | 31 ± 6 28 ± 3 | 31.6 ± 6.4 29.7 ± 5.4 | – | plasma FFAs |
13 | De La Garza Puentes A 2016 | Population based cohort | Spain | 44/ 135 | – | – | – | plasma phospholipid fatty acids |
14 | Muñoz-Nava, M. A. 2018 | – | Mexico | 50/ 50 | – | – | – | serum FFAs |
15 | Poole A 2015 | cohort | Galvestone, TX | 7/ 6 | 33.6 ± 5.9 28.3 ± 5.2 | 41 ± 11.4 38 ± 6.2 | – | serum FFAs |