Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of participants in the four groups

Number

30

35

32

27

Age (years)

53.0 ± 10.6

55.9 ± 12.8

53.9 ± 9.4

56.0 ± 13.6

Sex (Male/female)

16/14

19/16

18/14

12/15

Duration of diabetes (years)

–

6.54 ± 5.01

10.87 ± 6.17^b

16.33 ± 8.02^bc

BMI (kg/m²)

22.70 ± 1.85

24.31 ± 3.72^a

25.09 ± 3.10^a

25.07 ± 2.88^a

SBP (mmHg)

122.27 ± 18.41

131.66 ± 15.35^a

138.12 ± 20.03^a

144.73 ± 18.50^ab

DBP (mmHg)

73.6 ± 12.83

82.48 ± 11.47^a

88.59 ± 13.48^a

88.31 ± 1.50^a