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Table 2 Association between dietary iron intake and osteopenia among U.S. adults in NHANES 2005–2018

From: Dietary iron intake and its impact on osteopenia/osteoporosis

 

Crude model

Model 1

Model 2

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Continuous

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

Quartile

   

Q1

1

1

1

Q2

0.88 (0.79–0.98)

0.77 (0.64–0.93)

0.78 (0.65–0.95)

Q3

0.80 (0.72–0.89)

0.74 (0.61–0.89)

0.75 (0.62–0.91)

Q4

0.74 (0.67–0.83)

0.79 (0.65–0.95)

0.78 (0.65–0.95)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.05

  1. Crude model: no adjustment
  2. Model 1: adjusted sex, races, education, alcohol intake, smoking status, the ratio of family poverty, and MET
  3. Model 2: further adjusted CVD, BMI, and diabetes