Table 5 Subgroup analysis of association between dietary iron intake and osteoporosis among U.S. adults in NHANES 2005–2018

Sex

0.767

Female

1.00

0.81

(0.47–1.40)

0.38

(0.20–0.72)

0.60

(0.31–1.18)

Male

1.00

0.75

(0.32–1.77)

0.61

(0.26–1.44)

0.93

(0.43–1.98)

Races

0.851

Mexican American

1.00

0.94

(0.19–4.72)

0.40

(0.07–2.36)

2.29

(0.41–12.72)

Non-Hispanic Black

1.00

0.81

(0.20–3.18)

0.22

(0.03–1.93)

0.59

(0.13–2.64)

Non-Hispanic White

1.00

0.89

(0.50–1.60)

0.53

(0.28–1.01)

0.71

(0.38–1.33)

Other Hispanic

1.00

0.13

(0.02–0.90)

0.08

(0.01–0.95)

0.27

(0.04–1.79)

Other Race - Including Multi-Racial

1.00

1.50

(0.22–10.37)

1.67

(0.25–11.16)

0.92

(0.10–8.25)

Education

0.817

Above high school

1.00

0.75

(0.44–1.26)

0.51

(0.29–0.90)

0.63

(0.36–1.13)

High school

1.00

1.01

(0.36–2.79)

0.28

(0.07–1.06)

1.03

(0.37–2.90)

Less than high school

1.00

0.60

(0.07–5.14)

0.55

(0.05–6.14)

1.30

(0.12–13.59)

Alcohol intake

0.513

Heavy

1.00

1.68

(0.51–5.60)

0.51

(0.12–2.12)

1.74

(0.50–6.05)

Mild

1.00

0.77

(0.42–1.43)

0.45

(0.23–0.88)

0.71

(0.37–1.37)

Moderate

1.00

0.67

(0.29–1.56)

0.54

(0.21–1.38)

0.46

(0.16–1.28)

Smoking status

0.693

Former

1.00

0.66

(0.30–1.49)

0.38

(0.15–0.93)

0.50

(0.21–1.20)

Never

1.00

0.83

(0.42–1.66)

0.50

(0.24–1.05)

0.71

(0.33–1.52)

Now

1.00

0.87

(0.35–2.12)

0.53

(0.17–1.67)

1.28

(0.51–3.22)

The ratio of family poverty

0.026

0-1.5

1.00

0.64

(0.26–1.56)

0.38

(0.13–1.11)

1.32

(0.52–3.34)

1.5–3.5

1.00

0.64

(0.29–1.40)

0.32

(0.13–0.79)

0.98

(0.46–2.06)

3.5-

1.00

1.13

(0.53–2.41)

0.78

(0.35–1.74)

0.25

(0.08–0.80)

CVD

0.425

No

1.00

0.90

(0.56–1.45)

0.49

(0.29–0.84)

0.81

(0.48–1.35)

Yes

1.00

0.33

(0.06–1.78)

0.91

(0.19–4.44)

0.91

(0.22–3.69)

Diabetes

0.479

No

1.00

0.74

(0.45–1.22)

0.41

(0.23–0.72)

0.77

(0.46–1.29)

Yes

1.00

1.59

(0.50–5.12)

1.46

(0.44–4.82)

1.09

(0.28–4.30)