Table 1 Baseline characteristics between study participants with and without hypertension

Continuous Variables, mean ± standard deviation

Number

8,610

7,464 (86.69)

1,146 (13.31)

Age (year)

46.74 ± 8.17

45.83 ± 7.84

52.65 ± 7.74

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

27.33 ± 4.65

27.14 ± 4.61

28.55 ± 4.72

< 0.001

VFA (cm²)

120.10 ± 51.58

117.67 ± 51.13

135.91 ± 51.72

< 0.001

PBF

33.45 ± 9.54

33.06 ± 9.57

36.01 ± 8.93

< 0.001

WC (cm)

96.86 ± 10.53

96.42 ± 10.42

99.71 ± 10.79

< 0.001

FBS (mg/dl)

90.28 ± 9.72

89.93 ± 9.51

92.59 ± 10.71

< 0.001

LDL (mg/dl)

111.98 ± 30.68

111.30 ± 30.62

116.37 ± 30.72

< 0.001

HDL (mg/dl)

46.58 ± 11.32

46.62 ± 11.35

46.35 ± 11.15

0.471

TG (mg/dl)

132.83 ± 76.46

130.60 ± 74.10

147.34 ± 89.05

< 0.001

TC (mg/dl)

185.10 ± 36.88

184.02 ± 36.76

191.97 ± 36.88

< 0.001

TyG index

8.56 ± 0.53

8.54 ± 0.53

8.68 ± 0.52

< 0.001

TyG-BMI

234.63 ± 45.86

232.49 ± 45.43

248.62 ± 46.18

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

107.48 ± 16.74

103.97 ± 12.47

130.36 ± 22.10

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

69.53 ± 9.79

67.68 ± 7.85

81.59 ± 2.32

< 0.001

Categorical Variables, n (%)

Gender

Male

4176 (48.50)

3661 (49.05)

515 (44.94)

0.010

Female

4434 (51.50)

3803 (50.95)

631 (55.06)

Socioeconomic status

1(lowest)

2837 (32.96)

2382 (31.92)

455 (39.70)

< 0.001

2

2855 (33.17)

2496 (33.45)

359 (31.33)

3(Highest)

2916 (33.88)

2584 (34.63)

332 (28.97)

Physical activity (Met/h/day)

Low (24-36.5)

2537 (29.47)

2160 (28.94)

377 (32.90)

0.020

Moderate (36.6–44.9)

4085 (47.44)

3551 (47.58)

534 (46.60)

Vigorous (≥ 45)

1988 (23.09)

1753 (23.49)

235 (20.51)

Residency

Urban

5115 (59.41)

4448 (59.59)

667 (58.20)

0.372

Rural

3495 (40.59)

3016 (40.41)

479 (41.80)

Smoking status

Never

6853 (79.96)

5956 (80.16)

897 (78.68)

< 0.001

Current

1021 (11.91)

914 (12.30)

107 (9.39)

Former

696 (8.12)

560 (7.54)

136 (11.93)

Drinking status

No

8184 (95.05)

7084 (86.56)

1100 (13.44)

0.117

Yes

426 (4.95)

380 (89.20)

46 (10.80)