Table 1 Characteristics of participants in different quartiles of PUFAs group

Age, years, Mean (S.E)

47.44 (0.22)

49.15 (0.31)

48.26 (0.28)

46.83 (0.33)

45.52 (0.29)

F = 48.36

 < 0.001

Gender, n (%)

χ² = 688.024

 < 0.001

    Male

18,656 (47.62)

4073 (35.26)

4453 (43.64)

4699 (50.47)

5431 (61.09)

    Female

20,182 (52.39)

6527 (64.74)

5434 (56.36)

4586 (49.53)

3635 (38.92)

Race, n (%)

χ² = 85.284

 < 0.001

    Mexican American

6284 (8.48)

1724 (8.11)

1681 (9.10)

1513 (8.66)

1366 (8.04)

    Other Hispanic

3399 (5.13)

1126 (6.22)

888 (5.17)

767 (4.96)

618 (4.17)

    Non-Hispanic White

17,108 (67.81)

4516 (65.72)

4348 (67.87)

4171 (68.56)

4073 (69.09)

    Non-Hispanic Black

8248 (11.24)

2121 (11.51)

1992 (10.51)

1940 (10.52)

2195 (12.44)

    Other Race—Including Multi-Racial

3799 (7.34)

1113 (8.44)

978 (7.36)

894 (7.30)

814 (6.26)

Education level, n (%)

χ² = 287.487

 < 0.001

    Less than 9th grade

4208 (5.37)

1693 (8.29)

1106 (5.61)

812 (4.35)

597 (3.24)

    9-11th grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma)

5523 (10.57)

1722 (12.85)

1434 (11.09)

1219 (9.23)

1148 (9.12)

    High school graduate/ GED or Equivalent

9032 (23.83)

2424 (24.83)

2339 (24.20)

2203 (23.14)

2066 (23.14)

    More than high school

20,075 (60.23)

4761 (54.04)

5008 (59.09)

5051 (63.28)

5255 (64.50)

Marital status, n (%)

χ² = 104.205

 < 0.001

    Married or living with partner

23,260 (62.48)

5949 (58.14)

5924 (62.53)

5748 (63.99)

5639 (65.27)

    Widowed/Divorced/Separated

8697 (18.95)

2895 (23.44)

2261 (19.77)

1886 (17.08)

1655 (15.51)

    Never married

6881 (18.57)

1756 (18.43)

1702 (17.71)

1651 (18.93)

1772 (19.23)

PIR, Mean (S.E)

2.97 (0.03)

2.70 (0.04)

2.96 (0.03)

3.07 (0.04)

3.13 (0.04)

F = 45.30

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m², Mean (S.E)

28.94 (0.08)

28.79 (0.11)

28.76 (0.11)

28.92 (0.11)

29.28 (0.12)

F = 6.14

 < 0.001

Physical activity, MET·min, n (%)

χ² = 144.409

 < 0.001

    Low level

19,618 (43.96)

6012 (49.92)

5150 (46.77)

4394 (40.12)

4062 (39.04)

    High level

19,220 (56.04)

4588 (50.08)

4737 (53.23)

4891 (59.88)

5004 (60.96)

Total energy intake, kcal, Mean (S.E)

2117.97 (7.05)

1387.19 (7.39)

1877.24 (8.38)

2268.68 (10.59)

2938.63 (12.62)

F = 4239.45

 < 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

χ² = 45.625

 < 0.001

    No

19,351 (55.27)

4806 (51.66)

4827 (54.74)

4823 (57.45)

4895 (57.22)

    Yes

19,487 (44.73)

5794 (48.34)

5060 (45.26)

4462 (42.56)

4171 (42.78)

DM, n (%)

χ² = 40.146

 < 0.001

    No

27,366 (74.86)

7126 (72.03)

6846 (73.96)

6695 (76.47)

6699 (76.97)

    Yes

11,472 (25.14)

3474 (27.97)

3041 (26.04)

2590 (23.53)

2367 (23.03)

Smoking, n (%)

χ² = 52.294

 < 0.001

    No

21,280 (54.25)

5905 (53.95)

5462 (54.12)

5121 (55.69)

4792 (53.25)

    Yes

8883 (23.45)

2432 (25.79)

2242 (24.10)

2034 (20.63)

2175 (23.26)

    Quitting

8654 (22.27)

2255 (20.23)

2179 (21.77)

2125 (23.62)

2095 (23.46)

    Unknown

21 (0.04)

8 (0.04)

4 (0.02)

5 (0.06)

4 (0.03)

Drinking, n (%)

χ² = 140.868

 < 0.001

    No

5115 (10.36)

1884 (14.09)

1310 (10.53)

1057 (9.29)

864 (7.53)

    Yes

5743 (15.60)

1448 (13.46)

1414 (15.27)

1401 (16.80)

1480 (16.87)

    Quitting

2958 (6.76)

834 (7.35)

801 (7.10)

684 (6.40)

639 (6.17)

    Unknown

25,022 (67.29)

6434 (65.11)

6362 (67.10)

6143 (67.51)

6083 (69.44)

All-cause mortality, n (%)

χ² = 254.579

 < 0.001

    No

33,930 (90.88)

8810 (87.25)

8521 (89.83)

8269 (92.23)

8330 (94.21)

    Yes

4908 (9.12)

1790 (12.75)

1366 (10.17)

1016 (7.77)

736 (5.79)

Follow-up time, months, Mean (S.E)

100.27 (1.13)

104.19 (1.28)

102.06 (1.32)

98.92 (1.37)

95.91 (1.50)

F = 14.54

 < 0.001