Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to the vitamin D deficiency
Total | Vitamin D sufficient (> 10 ng/ml) | Vitamin D deficient (< 10 ng/ml) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 48.6 (13.2) | 49.2 (13.3) | 47.1 (13.1) | 0.007 |
Female (%) | 50.6 | 42.6 | 71.3 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.9 (4.4) | 27.7 (4.4) | 28.3 (4.5) | 0.031 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 99.9 (33.5) | 99.2 (29.9) | 101.6 (41.3) | 0.200 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 148.0 (105.0-217.0) | 149.0 (105.0-217.0) | 148.0 (105.0-216.7) | 0.849 |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 212.7 (44.2) | 211.0 (42.6) | 216.9 (47.9) | 0.019 |
Smoker (%) | 29.1 | 31.8 | 22.0 | < 0.001 |
Recruitment season (%) | ||||
Spring | 25.6 | 23.5 | 31.0 | < 0.001 |
Summer | 28.0 | 30.8 | 20.6 | |
Fall | 26.4 | 28.4 | 21.1 | |
Winter | 20.0 | 17.2 | 27.3 | |
25-hydroxy vitamin D (ng/ml) | 15.0 (9.95–25.3) | 20.0 (13.6–30.9) | 7.6 (5.9-9.0) | < 0.001 |