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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population, according to tertiles of GA/HbA1c ratio

From: L-shaped association between the GA/HbA1c ratio and all-cause mortality in U.S. adults with NAFLD: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES 1999–2004

Variables

Overall

Tertiles of GA/HbA1c ratio

P value

T1

T2

T3

Age, years

48.1 (0.2)

46.7 (0.4)

47.8 (0.4)

49.8 (0.5)

< 0.001

Male, %

46.8 (0.9)

49.1 (1.5)

47.2 (1.5)

43.8 (1.5)

0.006

Race/ethnicity, %

    

< 0.001

 Mexican American

6.7 (0.03)

7.3 (0.5)

7.3 (0.5)

5.4 (0.4)

 

 Other Hispanic

5.8 (0.4)

5.6 (0.7)

5.8 (0.7)

5.9 (0.8)

 

 Non-Hispanic White

72.5 (0.7)

75.9 (1.1)

72.1 (1.2)

69.3 (1.3)

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

10.9 (0.4)

8.3 (0.6)

10.4 (0.6)

14.1 (0.8)

 

 Other race

4.1 (0.4)

2.9 (0.5)

4.4 (0.7)

5.2 (0.8)

 

 Married, %

64.0 (0.8)

65.2 (1.4)

62.5 (1.4)

64.4 (1.5)

0.223

Educational level, %

    

< 0.001

 < high school

20.8 (0.6)

20.3 (1.5)

19.5 (1.5)

22.7 (1.5)

 

 High school

27.5 (0.8)

31.1 (1.5)

25.3 (1.5)

26.0 (1.5)

 

 > high school

51.7 (0.9)

48.6 (1.1)

55.2 (1.2)

51.3 (1.3)

 

 Diabetes mellitus, %

16.0 (0.6)

14.3 (1.0)

12.8 (0.9)

21.1 (1.2)

< 0.001

 Hypertension, %

45.0 (0.9)

46.9 (1.5)

44.2 (1.5)

43.7 (1.5)

0.115

 CVD, %

10.6 (0.5)

10.3 (0.9)

9.8 (0.8)

11.9 (0.9)

0.119

 Cancer, %

8.0 (0.4)

6.9 (0.7)

7.6 (0.7)

9.6 (0.9)

0.009

Smoker, %

    

< 0.001

 Never

55.4 (0.9)

50 (1.5)

57.3 (1.5)

59.4 (1.5)

 

 Former

28.0 (0.8)

28.3 (1.3)

26.8 (1.3)

28.8 (1.4)

 

 Current

16.6 (0.7)

21.7 (1.3)

15.9 (1.1)

11.8 (1.0)

 

Physical activity,%

    

< 0.001

 Never

39.1 (0.8)

39.0 (1.4)

37.7 (1.4)

40.6 (1.5)

 

 Moderate

31.0 (0.8)

33.9 (1.4)

29.3 (1.4)

29.7 (1.4)

 

 Vigorous

29.9 (0.8)

27.2 (1.4)

33.0 (1.5)

29.7 (1.4)

 

Poverty-income ratio,%

    

0.372

 Low

11.4 (0.5)

11.8 (0.9)

10.8 (0.8)

11.6 (0.9)

 

 Moderate

34.5 (0.8)

36.0 (1.4)

33.0 (1.4)

34.2 (1.4)

 

 High

47.3 (0.9)

45.6 (1.5)

49.3 (1.5)

47.1 (1.6)

 

 Not recorded

6.8 (0.4)

6.5 (0.7)

6.9 (0.8)

7.1 (0.7)

 

Advanced fibrosis risk stratification, %

  

< 0.001

 NFS < -1.455 (%)

67.8 (0.8)

69.0 (1.3)

70.6 (1.3)

63.6 (1.4)

 

 NFS -1.455 to 0.676 (%)

27.8 (0.7)

27.4 (1.3)

26.4 (1.3)

29.6 (1.3)

 

 NFS > 0.676 (%)

4.4 (0.3)

3.6 (0.5)

3.0 (0.4)

6.8 (0.6)

 

 BMI, kg/m2

32.37 (0.10)

33.88 (0.19)

32.23 (0.16)

30.96 (0.14)

< 0.001

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

97.37 (0.38)

98.85 (0.60)

97.56 (0.64)

95.39 (0.71)

< 0.001

  1. Data were presented as weighted mean (SE) for continuous variables and weighted percentages (SE) for categorical variables
  2. Abbreviation: CVD Cardiovascular disease, NFS Nafld fibrosis score, BMI Body mass index, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, GA Glycated albumin
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