Fig. 1From: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gestational diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization studyThe flow chart of bidirectional primary MR analyses. IVs, instrumental variants; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; â‘ relevance assumption; â‘¡ independence assumption; â‘¢ exclusion-restriction assumptionBack to article page